Types
There are 7 built-in types and no user-defined ones in Cloe. Its type system is quite similar to one of JSON while it has one extra type of function. Cloe is also dynamically typed as types of any expressions are determined at runtime.
Boolean
Booleans take 2 kinds of values, true or false. They are commonly used to express whether conditions are true or not.
true
false
Dictionary
Dictionaries (a.k.a. maps or associated arrays) represent sets of key-value pairs. This type of values can express something just like dictionaries (e.g. mapping of product names to their prices) but also objects.
{} ; An empty dictionary
{"key1" 123 "key2" 456}
{"key" value ..anotherDictionary} ; A dictionary can be expanded into another.
{"name" "John" "age" 24 "kind" "turtle"} ; A dictionary representing a user object
Function
Functions are quite similar to ones in mathematics although it can take any types of values but not only numbers. Most of them are pure; they do not usually do anything like printing strings on terminal other than computing their results.
(def (foo x) x) ; def statements to define new functions
(\ (x) (+ x 1)) ; Anonymous function expression
(foo 42) ; Calling a function with an argument of a value, 42
List
Lists are sequences of some other values. Note that lengths of lists can be infinite in some situations due to lazy evaluation.
[1 2 3]
[[1 2 3] [4 5 6] [7 8 9]]
["foo" "bar" "baz"]
[nil true 42 "foo"] ; You can mix different types of elements.
[1 2 ..[3 4]] ; A list can be expanded into another.
Nil
Nil is a type of only one kind of value nil implying nonexistence of values commonly.
nil
Number
Numbers are also just like ones in mathematics. There is no difference between integers and floating point numbers as every number is represented in double-precision floating-point format of IEEE 754.
0
1
1.5
2
3
42
-1
-42
String
Strings represent sequences of bytes which can be both text and binary data.
"foo"
"bar"
"Hello!"
"こんにちは!"